RESUMO
El sexismo ambivalente es un constructo multidimensional compuesto por creencias y actitudes hostiles y benévolas que se legitiman entre sí parajustificar el poder masculino estructural. Los estudios sobre sexismo en adolescentes cobran relevancia al ser una etapa evolutiva fundamental paraasentar creencias acerca de las relaciones de género. Sin embargo, los instrumentos para medir representaciones sexistas en este grupo son escasos.Este estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA) en adolescentes chilenos, concretamente se analizóla estructura factorial y su fiabilidad, validez e invarianza factorial por sexo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 546 estudiantes entre 15 y 18 años(M=15.52; DT=.66), de los cuales el 58.8% fueron mujeres. Los métodos que se utilizaron fueron Análisis Factorial Exploratorio y Análisis FactorialConfirmatorio. El resultado del análisis exploratorio sugirió retener los 20 ítems de la escala original agrupados en dos factores. Los resultados delanálisis confirmatorio corroboraron la estructura original de la escala y precisaron un modelo de dos factores correlacionados, Sexismo Hostil y SexismoBenévolo (χ2(166) = 302.34; CFI = .99; TLI = .98, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .07), que considera al Sexismo Benévolo como un factor de segundo ordencon tres subcomponentes (Paternalismo Protector, Intimidad Heterosexual y Diferenciación de Género). El modelo seleccionado coincidió con la pro-puesta teórica y explicó el 56% de la varianza. El análisis de fiabilidad indicó un alfa ordinal total de 0.93 y el análisis correlacional demostró evidencia devalidez discriminante. El análisis de invarianza factorial evidenció que el grado de equivalencia del instrumento por sexo es plausible a un nivel estricto.Se concluyó que el ISA presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para su uso en adolescentes de Chile.(AU)
Ambivalent sexism is a multi-dimensional construct conformed by hostile and benevolent beliefs and attitudes that tend to legitimize each other justifying male structural power.Sexism studies in adolescent population become relevant as it is a fundamental evolutive stage for settle gender relations beliefs. However, thetools that measures sexist representations in adolescents are scarce. The main goal was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the AmbivalentSexism Inventory (ASI) in Chilean adolescents, and analyze invariance by sex. Sample was composed of 546 students between 1518 years (M=15.52; SD=.66), of which 58.8% were women. Exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were the method of the study. Theresults of the exploratory factor analyses suggested to hold back the 20 items from the original structure grouped in two factors. Confirmatory factoranalyses results showed suitability of the two factors theoretical proposal, hostile sexism and benevolent sexism (χ2(166) = 302.34; CFI = .99; TLI= .98; RMSEA = .05; SRMR = .07), which includes benevolent sexism as a second-order factor conformed by three subcomponents (protectivepaternalism, complementary gender differentiation, and heterosexual intimacy). The factorial structure of the selected model explained 56% of thetotal variance. The reliability of the ASI reached a satisfactory levels of ordinal alpha (αordinal = .93) for the complete instrument and the correlationanalyses provide evidences of discriminant validity. The Invariance factorial analyses showed that the equivalence level of the ASI is plausible in thestrict level. It is concluded that the ASI presents adequate psychometric properties for its use in Chilean adolescent population.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Inventário de Personalidade , Sexismo , Estereotipagem de Gênero , Psicometria , 57433 , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Chile , Psicologia do AdolescenteRESUMO
Resumen (analítico) Los estudios evidencian que la identidad étnica es un factor protector para sociedades con relaciones interétnicas e interculturales desiguales. Sin embargo, los instrumentos para su medición presentan escasas validaciones psicométricas en contextos indígenas chilenos y latinoamericanos. El estudio evaluó las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Identidad Étnica en una muestra de 501 adolescentes indígenas mapuche con una edad promedio de 15.63 años. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios evidenciaron una estructura factorial coincidente con la propuesta teórica de tres factores (exploración, resolución y afirmación), la cual explicó el 76 % de la varianza. El análisis de fiabilidad indicó un alfa ordinal de .90 para la escala total y el análisis correlacional demostró validez externa. Se concluyó que la escala presenta evidencia psicométrica para su uso en población adolescente mapuche.
Abstract (analytical) Recent studies evidence that ethnic identity is a protective factor for interethnic and intercultural societies with unequal relations. The tools that measure ethnic identity have limited psychometric validations for indigenous Chilean and Latin American populations. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the ethnic identity scale with a sample of Mapuche indigenous adolescents consisting of 501 students with an average age of 15.63, through which exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were performed. The factorial assessment results showed strong internal reliability. The suitability of the three factors included in the theoretical proposal (exploration, resolution and affirmation) explained 76% of the variance. The reliability measures indicated a .90 value for the ordinal alpha and the correlations demonstrated external validity. It is concluded that the EIS presents sufficient psychometric evidence for use in the Mapuche adolescent population.
Resumo (analítico) Estudos mostram que a identidade étnica é um fator de proteção para sociedades com relações interétnicas e interculturais desiguais. No entanto, os instrumentos para a sua medição apresentam pouca validação psicométrica nos contextos indígenas chilenos e latino-americanos. O estudo avaliou as propriedades psicométricas da escala de identidade étnica numa amostra de 501 adolescentes Mapuche indígenas com uma idade média de 15.63 anos. As análises exploratórias e confirmatórias dos fatores mostraram uma estrutura de fatorial que coincidia com a proposta teórica de três fatores (exploração, resolução e afirmação), o que explicava 76% da variância. A análise de fiabilidade indicou um alfa ordinal de .90 para a escala total e a análise correlacional demonstrou a validade externa. Concluiu-se que a EIE apresenta provas psicométricas para uso na população adolescente Mapuche.
Assuntos
População , Fatores de Proteção , Povos Indígenas , Competência CulturalRESUMO
The school climate construct has been linked to a series of positive outcomes in adolescence; however, the few validated instruments in Spanish have a fragile theoretical base. Consequently, the aim of this study was to adapt and validate the dual School Climate and School Identification Measure-Student (SCASIM-St) scale in a sample of Chilean adolescents. First, a linguistic adaptation of the instrument was completed, followed by a cross-sectional study; 1,456 students of both sexes participated in the study (41.1% boys and 58.9% girls), with an average age of 15.76 years (SD = 1.42), representing 17 secondary schools in Chile. Three confirmatory factor models were contrasted, the one with the best fit supported the originally proposed structure. The evidence of external criterion validity, confirmed through the Authoritative School Climate Survey (ASCS), showed a significant positive relationship between the two measures. This study verified the psychometric quality for the SCASIM-St scale, allowing for its use in the Chilean context. This instrument provides a measurement tool with a solid theoretical base that can be used in the Chilean context.
